What is Coronary Sinus?
In case of sinusitis, we have a common question. That is – what is coronary sinus? The answer is here:
Definition: The coronary sinus is a collection of veins merging together to form a large vessel or to form the sinus that collects the blood from the myocardium (a thick layer of muscle within the heart). The myocardium facilitates the movement of the blood into the right atrium.
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The vein is larger than the average veins. It is big enough and it allows blood to be deposited by most veins that enter the heart. The coronary sinus plays an important role to collect the majority of the cardiac venous blood.
[bctt tweet=”In case of cardiac surgery, coronary sinus plays a vital role for the surgeons.” via=”no”]
What is Coronary Sinus Location: Along the heart’s posterior surface between the left ventricle and left atrium.
The length of the Coronary Sinus (CS) varies from 2 cm to 3 cm. Generally it depends on the site of the drainage of the posterolateral vein.
In case of cardiac surgery, coronary sinus plays a vital role for the surgeons. It also plays an important role in many other heart related procedures or mechanism.
Coronary Sinus Structure
There are mainly two groups of veins in the myocardium drains. They are presented below –
The tributaries
- Greater cardiac vein;
- Middle cardiac vein;
- Smaller cardiac vein;
- Posterior vein of left ventricle;
- Oblique vein of left atrium.
The thebesian veins
Coronary Sinus is the main vein of the greater venous system. It goes in the posterior aspect of the coronary groove. Both the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the interventricular septum are drained by the branches of the anterior interventricular vein, denoted as the great cardiac vein on the annulus.
Function of Coronary Sinus
- The coronary sinus receives blood mainly from the four important veins. It receives blood from the small, middle, great and oblique cardiac veins.
[perfectpullquote align=”full” bordertop=”false” cite=”” link=”” color=”” class=”” size=””]Coronary sinus (CS) also receives blood from the left marginal vein and the left posterior ventricular vein.[/perfectpullquote]
- The anterior cardiac veins (ACV) do not drain into the coronary sinus. It directly goes into the right atrium.
- There are some small veins which are known as Thebesian veins. These veins drain directly into any of the 4 chambers of the heart.
Major Clinical Application
Sometimes Thebesian valve may hinders cannulation. Myocardial extensions can help to build an accessory pathway. The vein has most clinical significance because it is an important primary electrical connection between the right and left atrium.
Some Important Lines about Coronary Sinus
- Thebesian vessels can be expanded. It can be expanded by tying the coronary sinus.Â
- Occlusion of coronary veins does not make any change in electrocardiographic curves.
- Diameter of the Coronay Sinus is also variable.
- During ventricular systole, the coronary sinus receives blood from the ventricular veins.
- The structure of the Thebesian valve is crescent shaped.
- The diameter of the Coronary Sinus ostium is 5–15 mm.
FAQ
What is coronary sinus & what forms the coronary sinus?
There are mainly two systems by which the coronary venous network drains deoxygenated blood from the myocardium:
- Greater cardiac venous system and
- Smaller cardiac venous system.
Many complementary veins comprise these two systems, the majority of which coalesce to form the coronary sinus.
How do you access the coronary sinus?
A steerable electrophysiology catheter or a telescoping inner catheter is used to access the coronary sinus.
Where is coronary sinus located?
There is a surface between the left ventricle and left atrium, it is called posterior surface. The coronary sinus is located at that surface
What causes enlarged coronary sinus?
There are some causes of enlarged coronary sinus. They are:
- postoperative obstruction,
- thrombosis,
- ventricularization, and
- unroofing of the sinus.
Can you have a heart attack in sinus rhythm?
The answer is probably yes. In terms of many cases, sinus tachycardia can cause heart failure, stroke, or sudden cardiac arrest.
What is the function of coronary artery?
Coronary artery supplies blood to the heart muscle of the body. We know that tissue or cell cannot do their activities without oxygen. Heart muscle needs oxygen-rich blood to perform its function.
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What is coronary sinus vein?
The coronary sinus is the largest or longest coronary vein. It varies from 3 to 5 cm.
What is coronary sinus occlusion?
Occlusion of the coronary sinus resulted in shortness of breath, hypotension, chest pain, ischemic electrocardiogram changes.
What is coronary sinus annuloplasty? – Devices
To perform direct annuloplasty some devices have been developed. These devices have reduced the limitations of the coronary sinus approach.
What is coronary sinus dissection? – Causes
[perfectpullquote align=”full” bordertop=”false” cite=”” link=”” color=”” class=”” size=””]Manipulation of the guiding catheter or the pacing lead in all instances can cause dissection of the coronary sinus.[/perfectpullquote]